Capitalism's roots extend
back to a Scottish economist and enlightenment philosopher named Adam Smith.
Smith's hypothesis on economics, the economics of his time were driven by the mechanisms
of imperial and mercantile systems, emphasized the underlying motivation of
self-interest driven business markets. The theory was specified in the classic
tome: Wealth of Nations; first published in the mid eighteenth century
and revised, by Smith, in multiple follow-up editions.
As an enlightened thinker
Mr. Smith waxed philosophically about the potential for use and abuse of
self-interest driven markets by various characteristics of human nature;
outlined extensively in the companion tome: The Theory of Moral Sentiments;
also published in the mid eighteenth century and followed by Smith's multiple
revised editions.
The potential benefits and
reservations about self-interest driven economics are, simply put: enlightened
and unenlightened, respectively, self-interest. This post will deal with three
aspects of unenlightened self-interest: deregulation, monopolies and private
equity.
Deregulation
In a deregulated market the
potential to manipulate prices, via supply and demand calculations, can spur
companies to take capacity off-line for increased profitability. That's why
deregulation appeals to product or service vendors while delivering few, if
any, oft promised benefits to the consumer (see also, Wikipedia articles on:
deregulation and Enron).
Monopolies
A monopoly is when a single
company has 70%, or more, of the market for any product or service. A monopoly
position allows a company to thwart competition by driving prices lower. This
tactic does not allow a perspective competitor the kind of profit necessary to
ramp up their own product in a new market. As soon as the competitor is
believed on the edge of failing out of said market prices will return to, or
rise above, previous levels. Monopolies are not pursued for the customer's
benefit, without regard for any promise to the contrary (see also, Wikipedia
articles on: monopoly and Microsoft).
Private Equity
Private equity (PE) exists
to make money for its executives and their investors, in that order. You can,
and private equity does, make money finding companies that are going to be most
profitable as scrapped and salvaged entities. If you're on the receiving end of
this trade, employed by or purchasing after, the process may seem more like
plunder and pillage.
It is important to remember
that there is nothing about job creation in the definition of PE. While scrap
and salvage is often the fastest way for PE to make money, it is not the only
way. Employees of a PE owned business will continue to have a job only if their
function can not be outsourced to a least-cost (read: low wage with a flexible
regulatory environment) country; often mainland, communist, China.
Anybody who buys a company
from PE needs to be aware that the company will be stripped down and all the
short term profit will have been taken out pre – PE – voiusly (see also,
Wikipedia articles on: Private equity firm, Bain Capital and Albert J. Dunlap).
None of the three forms of
unenlightened capitalism are intentionally vicious to any party, nor are they
illegal, but they do add significant emphasis to the old adage, “Caveat emptor
(buyer beware).”